"Political Implications of European Citizenship for a Federal European Union"

[From the Introduction]. The argument proceeds as follows. In the first section, I outline the conflict between democracy and federalism in the abstract and identify problems that will be elucidated using historical and contemporary examples in the subsequent sections. In the second section, I demonstrate the problem resident aliens pose for democracy, examine the distinction between jus soli and jus sanguinis and review the political problems of inclusion that arise from that distinction. In the third section, I describe the development of European citizenship leading up to the Maastricht Agreement. In the fourth section, I argue that dual state\supra-state citizenship is hallmark of federalism but, due to the nature of European citizenship, the political union emerging from the Maastricht agreement differs from traditional federal models such as the United States and Germany. (3) In fifth section, I assess the recent controversy over European citizenship and argue that the differing structure of political union resulting from European citizenship could make the European Union susceptible to unconventional sources of jurisdictional and political conflicts, change the political dynamics of the accession of new members, and severely-complicate any future act of secession. In sixth section, I assess trends in intra-EC migration and evaluate their political significance for the future. In the conclusion, I summarize the core argument and offer a research agenda in the form of an exploration of possible theoretical solutions to the dilemma initially posed